6, Sep 2025
GST Cut on Life-Saving Drugs Boosts Affordability, Access, and Innovation
Dr. Shravan Subramanyam, MD of BPL Medical Technologies
The reduction of GST on life-saving drugs, diagnostic kits, and medical equipment from 12% to 5% is a landmark reform. For patients, this translates into lower treatment costs and better access to advanced medical care. For us, it allows greater price competitiveness, helping us pass on the benefit to customers while strengthening our reach across hospitals, clinics, and homecare segments. We see this as a big enabler for growth, as it supports our mission of delivering affordable, world-class, ‘Made in India’ medical solutions while empowering us to scale up innovation and expand into newer markets.
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- By Neel Achary
6, Sep 2025
West Bengal and CISCE Record Commanding Victories on Day 2 of Subroto Cup
Bengaluru, September 6, 2025: The second day of the Sub Junior Boys (U-15) category at the 64th Subroto Cup International Football Tournament witnessed a mix of high-scoring encounters and hard-fought draws.
Minerva Public School, CISCE vs Tashi Namgyal Academy, IPSC
The day began with Minerva Public School (CISCE) producing a dominant display, defeating Tashi Namgyal Academy (IPSC) 16-0. Mamesh led the charge with seven goals (1’, 11’, 16’, 21’, 24’, 28’, 39’), supported by Mahesh (13’, 14’, 17’, 20’), Akash (31’, 50+1’), Bishwa Raj (19’) and Bickson (27’).
Shri Leelanand Secondary School, Jharkhand vs Indira Modern High School, Haryana
Shri Leelanand Secondary School (Jharkhand) and Indira Modern High School (Haryana) played out a 2-2 draw. Ashish scored a brace for Jharkhand (11’, 49’), while Sukhvinder (35’) and Aditya (45’) were on target for Haryana.
River Side Natural School, Madhya Pradesh vs Mothers Pride Public School, Himachal Pradesh
River Side Natural School (Madhya Pradesh) went down 1-2 against Mothers Pride Public School (Himachal Pradesh). Lokesh scored for MP in the 32nd minute, but Sukhpreet’s goals (1’, 25+1’) ensured Himachal’s victory.
NV Pakur-1, NVS vs Manikpara Vivekananda Vidyapith, West Bengal
The afternoon clash turned into a one-sided affair as West Bengal’s Manikpara Vivekananda Vidyapith thrashed JNV Pakur-1 (NVS) 14-0. Ramchandra (39’), Sanjib Mandi (6’, 17’, 22’), Abhijit Mandi (37’), Soumen Chalak (20’), Sanu Mahata (5’), Budhu Murmu (2’, 12’), Fagun Murmu (11’, 27’, 35’, 50’), and Mahadev Murmu (31’) all found the net in a commanding performance. NVS remained goalless despite their efforts.
The energy and commitment displayed by the boys today reflect the growing strength of grassroots football in India, with more action and talent to watch out for in the coming days of the tournament.
6, Sep 2025
BIX 2025 Set to Ignite Global Biopharma Innovation
SEOUL, South Korea|September 06, 2025 – With a bold focus on transformative technologies like AI-powered drug discovery, personalized medicine breakthroughs, and sustainable manufacturing practices, BIOPLUS-INTERPHEX KOREA (BIX) 2025 is poised to be the ultimate destination for biopharma leaders and innovators. Scheduled for October 15-17, 2025, at COEX Seoul, this year’s edition aims to serve as a catalyst for real-world progress across the global biopharma value chain.
Innovation Blooms at BIX 2025
Under the theme “Innovation Blooms No Matter What,” the BIX 2025 conference is designed as a springboard for addressing the industry’s most pressing challenges and opportunities. This year’s program features an impressive 36 sessions, including high-level keynotes,
16 Insight Sessions led by global pioneers, and 20 Technical Sessions offering field-specific expertise in R&D, regulatory strategies, and market commercialization. Ahead of the full program announcement, here’s a preview of two standout keynote sessions
and eight pivotal sessions that are set to shape the future of the biopharma industry:
Keynote Speakers and Breakthrough Sessions at BIX 2025
BIX 2025 is proud to present an exclusive preview of two remarkable keynote sessions and eight pivotal discussions that promise to shape the biopharmaceutical landscape. These sessions feature industry-leading experts and focus on new innovations and strategies
driving the future of biopharma.
Dr. Robert J. Hariri, Chairman & CEO, Celularity, Inc.
A trailblazer in biomedical science and cell-based therapeutics, Dr. Hariri brings decades of expertise to the stage. Renowned for being the first to isolate pluripotent stem cells from the human placenta, his groundbreaking advancements in immuno-oncology,
regenerative medicine, and cell therapy continue to redefine the field.
Keynote Address: October 15 (Day 1), 10:15–10:45 AM, Room 401
Dr. David Berry, General Partner, Flagship Pioneering
A visionary biotech entrepreneur and thought leader, Dr. Berry has founded several game-changing startups, including Seres Therapeutics and Valo Health. His pioneering work in AI, the microbiome, and synthetic biology is transforming the way medicines and biotechnologies
are conceptualized and delivered.
Keynote Address: October 16 (Day 2), 9:00–10:00 AM, Studio 159
Eight Breakthrough Sessions to Watch
AI in Drug Development: Real-World Applications and Limitations
Examine real-world applications of artificial intelligence in identifying drug targets, optimizing molecular design, and advancing clinical decision-making. This session, featuring case studies from global pharmaceutical leaders, showcases AI’s game-changing
potential while addressing its current limitations.
Anti-Aging as the Next Biotech Frontier
Delve into the revolutionary advancements driving the anti-aging sector, including scientific breakthroughs, regulatory challenges, and commercial opportunities. This session outlines pathways to leverage this booming market.
Scaling Digital Health Globally
Learn from Korean innovators on the forefront of digital health. From securing FDA approvals to forging global healthcare collaborations, this session highlights technologies that are reshaping patient care on an international scale.
New-Co Models: Risk Diversification or Scalable Innovation?
Industry leaders debate the strategic value of New-Co structures. Are these spin-offs the next leap in scalable innovation or merely tools for managing risk? Gain insights into what makes or breaks success in this evolving business approach.
Must Know About Navigating New Changes at US FDA: FDA’s Enhanced Foreign Inspections, Domestic Manufacturing Incentives, Artificial Intelligence Integration and More
With evolving FDA regulations, this session offers crucial guidance for Korean life sciences firms. Explore policy shifts around foreign manufacturing inspections, U.S.-based production incentives, and AI integration in regulatory processes, all explained by
top-notch FDA experts.
RLT (RadioLigand Therapy) Radiopharma Revolution: Unmet Needs, Innovation, and Global Access
Explore how radioligand therapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment. This world-class session covers innovation, global access, and unmet needs in precision medicine.
China Biotech’s ‘Deepseek’ Moment Is Coming. Are You Ready?
Analyze China’s meteoric rise in biotechnology, fueled by government initiatives and bold strategies for global expansion. Gain practical strategies for capitalizing on collaboration opportunities with this major market player.
Licensing-Out Strategies for K-Bio
Designed for Korean biopharma companies aiming to succeed globally, this session explores preclinical strategies, critical data requirements, and effective collaboration models, offering clear and actionable steps for global technology transfer.
More Than Ideas, It’s Where Connections Happen
At BIX 2025, innovation meets action. Beyond the sessions, the exhibition will showcase 550 booths from over 300 companies, featuring top-notch technologies and products already in use across the industry. With a focus on actionable insights and interactive
opportunities, attendees can connect with global thought leaders, policymakers, and market drivers, while exploring real-world solutions and engaging directly with the innovators shaping the future of the biopharma sector.
Secure Your Spot at BIX 2025
This year, BIX offers a range of passes designed to meet the unique needs of biotech professionals at every level:
All-Inclusive Pass: Full access to all conference sessions, exhibitions, and VIP networking programs. Exhibition Executive Pass: Curated for senior leaders focused on business development and licensing.
EE (Exhibition Executive) Pass: Focused on business matchmaking and high-level networking with exhibitors. Ideal for: Senior managers in business development, licensing, and distribution.
Standard Pass: Ideal for specialists in R&D, regulatory affairs, and global marketing.
Entry Pass: Perfect for attendees from academia, research institutions, and public-sector organizations.
6, Sep 2025
Aster Prime Hospital felicitates teachers on the occasion of Teachers’ Day
Hyderabad, September 6th, 2025: Recognizing the invaluable contribution of teachers in shaping great leaders and building society, Aster Prime Hospital organized a grand felicitation program on the occasion of Teachers’ Day.
As part of the “ Gurudevo Bhava” celebrations held at the hospital premises, around 120 teachers from nearly 80 government, private schools, colleges, and training institutes were honored.
On this occasion, the hospital management recalled the immense role played by teachers in nation-building. The CEO, Aster Prime Hospital suggested that teachers, who play a big role in building the future of India, must take good care of their health for which undergoing a complete health check every year will help.
Speaking on the occasion, Dr. Hari Kumar Reddy, CEO, Aster Prime Hospital, said, “ Teachers contribute immensely to society. It is essential that they do not neglect their own health. We organized this program to raise awareness and to honor them for their priceless service.”
Dr. Hari Kumar Reddy also emphasized the importance of teachers taking care of their health in today’s times when lifestyle diseases are on the rise. The doctors advised teachers to undergo regular health check-ups at least once every two years and to encourage their students and communities to adopt healthy practices.
Teachers from government schools, Sri Chaitanya School, Sister Nivedita School, Sanskar School, Harvard Public School, Meridian School, and other institutions participated in the program. Also attending the event were Dr. Sushma Rani Sangham, Dr. Ranganatham Paidi, Dr. Usha Rani, Dr. Sai Ravi Shankar, Mr. Kamal Kannan, and Mr. Ravi Kumar.
6, Sep 2025
Samsung Launches Galaxy Tab S11 Series with Redesigned S Pen and Enhanced Samsung DeX Experience
Bengaluru, India – September 6, 2025: Samsung, India’s largest consumer electronics brand, today announced the launch of the Galaxy Tab S11 Ultra and Galaxy Tab S11, delivering its most intelligent and advanced tablet experience yet. The Galaxy Tab S11 series is built for effortless productivity on the go, combining pro-grade hardware with experiences optimized for a large screen.
Galaxy Tab S11 Ultra is the thinnest Galaxy Tab to date. Without compromising performance, it goes beyond the slim form factor to show what a premium tablet can be. Galaxy Tab S11 Ultra is just 5.1 mm thick and weighs just 692 grams – versus its predecessor, which measured 5.5 mm and weighed 718 grams.
Powering Everyday Tasks with Advanced AI
With One UI 8, the Galaxy Tab S11 series brings multimodal AI to the forefront – understanding what users type, say and see, and responding in real time with helpful suggestions. These tools unlock a more fluid way to work, create and stay in flow across any task.
The Tab S11 series comes with Gemini Live that enables real-time screen sharing and visual input, so users can have a natural conversation with Gemini about what they’re looking at. Whether it’s on-screen content or an object that someone wants to show by pointing the camera at it – Gemini Live can handle contextual questions and requests by seeing what the user sees. For instance, users in a class can easily screen share their notes, then ask Gemini to interpret a chart or explain the study material and summarize its insights.
By pressing and holding the side button, users can activate Gemini and carry out commands across apps with a single command. For instance, when there’s no time to read a lengthy article, users can share the link with Gemini and say, “Summarize this article and save it to Samsung Notes,” making it easier to catch up later. It simplifies complex actions so users can stay in their flow.
Users can turn rough sketches into clean visuals with Drawing Assist, then drag and drop images they’ve created into Samsung Notes as a starting point for further ideation – perfect for brainstorming, visual planning or creative exploration. Writing Assist helps rework tone and style, so users can easily refine a piece of writing to ensure it matches their intended meaning before dropping it into an email, document or other apps. Circle to Search with Google is now even more helpful for getting context and diving deeper into anything users see on their device’s screen.
Redesigned S Pen
The Galaxy Tab S11 series comes with the newly redesigned S Pen that’s built for both focused work and creative expression. Its new cone-shaped pen tip supports increased tilt angles for better control, while a hexagonal design provides a more natural, ergonomic feel that’s comfortable and stable in the hand. Quick Tools make it easy to adjust on the fly while drawing or editing with floating access, while Sticky Note lets users capture sudden thoughts or to-dos directly over Samsung Notes – no more app switching required during document review.
Enhanced Samsung DeX
In addition to Galaxy AI, the enhanced Samsung DeX on the Galaxy Tab S11 series empowers users to maximize their productivity when multitasking across apps, taking notes during meetings or simply mapping out ideas. Whether you’re a designer building out visual concepts or a frequent traveler planning a trip across apps and displays, the Galaxy Tab S11 series features support every step, from researching and sketching to sharing polished results.
The latest Samsung DeX upgrades unlock next-level productivity, starting with Extended Mode, which transforms Galaxy Tab S11 and an external monitor into a seamless dual-screen setup. It runs Samsung DeX across both screens simultaneously for more intuitive multitasking and greater flexibility – now users can drag and drop apps between displays or reference a document on one screen while presenting on the other. Also new to Samsung DeX, users can now create up to four separate, customized workspaces for different needs. For example, one workspace can be dedicated for work, another to creative projects and a third to planning a trip.
With the upgraded Samsung DeX, users can set up a full working environment from virtually anywhere – whether it’s connecting to a meeting room TV for a presentation or adding final touches to a work document at the airport lounge just before starting a vacation.
Combined with Book Cover Keyboard Slim, the Galaxy Tab S11 series easily transforms into a personalized, mobile workstation with instant access to AI assistants through the dedicated Galaxy AI Key.
Made To Perform, Built To Move
The Galaxy Tab S11 series delivers its most advanced performance yet, equipped with cutting-edge hardware and immersive visuals in a slim, highly portable design. Samsung brings its enhanced 3nm processor to Galaxy Tab for the first time in the S11 series, offering faster processing, smoother multitasking and more responsive AI features. Galaxy Tab S11 Ultra boasts performance improvements of 33% in NPU, 24% in CPU and 27% in GPU.
Performance matched by purposeful design reflects Samsung’s hardware innovation – delivering ultra-thin and light, yet powerful devices ready for everyday versatility. Galaxy Tab S11 Ultra features a remarkably slim build at just 5.1 mm, with narrow 5.2 mm bezels that expand screen space without compromising portability. Across both models, Dynamic AMOLED 2X displays deliver up to 1600 nits of peak brightness, ensuring clear, vivid visuals indoors or out, so users can stay focused wherever they work.
Availability, Pre Book Offers & Pricing
The Galaxy Tab S11 series will be available for pre-orders starting today. Customers who pre-order the new Tab S11 series will get 45W travel adapter free of charge. The Galaxy Tab S11 series is priced starting
INR 74999 and is offered in two colours: Gray and Silver. Consumers can purchase the new Galaxy Tab S11 series on Samsung.com, Samsung Exclusive Stores, select Samsung authorized retail stores, and other online portals. The Galaxy Tab S11 series is available with 9-month no-cost bank EMI and also comes with 24-month EMIs in case the devices are financed from NBFCs.
6, Sep 2025
Designyatra 2025: Day 2 blends nostalgia, music, and multi sensory magic
06th September 2025, PANAJI, GOA: If Day 1 was about big ideas colliding, Day 2 of Designyatra 2025 was about layering them with memory, music and multi-sensory surprise. With over 950 delegates still buzzing, the conversations shifted between past, present and future. Proof that a design conference can be as playful as it is profound.
The morning kicked off with Paul Priestman (Creative Director and Chairman, PULI innovation), who laid out a vision for the future of transport and product design. His talk was both pragmatic and poetic, about designing systems that move people not just efficiently, but beautifully.
Then came the much-whispered “secret session” by Kay Khoo, Co-Founder of Designyatra. What unfolded was part history lesson, part comedy act, and part family reunion. With humour and nostalgia, Khoo pulled the curtain back on the journey of Designyatra, celebrating 20 years of a festival that has shaped Indian design culture.
From there, Chiara Luzzana (Sound Designer, Composer, Sound Artist) brought sound to centre stage. Blurring the lines between lecture and performance, she showed how everything, from a heartbeat to the hum of a city, can become music. Her live performance electrified the hall, reminding everyone that noise is just inspiration waiting to be reframed.
Lucy Hardcastle (Multidisciplinary Designer, Lucy Hardcastle Studio) followed with her signature blend of science, technology and sensuality. Her work through textures, movement and emotional resonance invited the audience to feel design, not just see it.
The day’s philosophical high point came from Tea Uglow (AI & Innovation Consultant, EP Australia), who explored the intersections of creativity, identity and digital uncertainty. Her talk was an invitation to embrace ambiguity and to see queerness, technology and design as overlapping spaces of possibility.
Closing the day, Aniruddh Mehta (Graphic Designer, Art Director, Founder, Studio Bigfat) delivered a two-part session that captured the spirit of a generation. First, he shared his design journey with irreverence and honesty. Then, joined by his partner Aaron Myles Perreira, he turned the hall into a pulsating floor with a live set that blurred the boundary between presentation and performance.
As the sun set, delegates fanned out across seven Sidequests or intimate workshops where curiosity and collaboration took over. From hands-on making to radical rethinking, these sessions reminded everyone that design thrives when it’s shared.
Day 3 promises to raise the tempo even higher, closing the conference with heavyweight talks and the much-anticipated Kyoorius Design Awards and Young Blood Awards Night. Expect a crescendo that celebrates not just the winners, but the culture of design itself.
Designyatra 2025 is presented by Zee.
The conference features creative labs by Target, Pantone and Uniball and creative grounds by Tokushu Tokai Papers, Ark | Maxon and PaperMonday.
Designyatra 2025 is hosted at Taj Cidade de Goa, Horizon, and crafted by Fosite, with creative experiences powered by The Product Lab.
6, Sep 2025
9XMarkets Draws Strong Crowd at Money Expo India 2025 with Focus on Financial Education
Mumbai, September 6th, 2025 – 9XMarkets, a global multi-regulated fintech company, successfully concluded its participation at the 4th edition of Money Expo India 2025, held at the Jio World Convention Centre, Mumbai. With a brand initiative around financial literacy and education, the 9xMarkets attracted an overwhelming response from visitors, educators, and introducing partners.
Participating in its first major Indian expo, 9XMarkets stood out by offering free financial education as a service. What began as one-on-one conversations quickly turned into impromptu mini-seminars, with groups of 8–9 people actively listening, engaging, and asking questions about trading and global market principles. The 9XMarkets booth saw unprecedented footfall throughout the two-day event.
“This overwhelming response showed us that Indian investors are deeply curious about financial literacy. We had not anticipated such scale of interest, and it pushed us to improvise and engage with visitors in new, interactive ways,” the 9XMarkets team noted.
A key takeaway from the event was the strong appetite for financial knowledge among attendees. Most visitors expressed that while they were eager to participate in markets, they lacked structured education and were seeking reliable platforms that could guide them responsibly. This validated 9XMarkets’ India entry strategy — to prioritize education-first engagement rather than product promotion.
Commenting on the success, Vikas Lakhwani, CEO of 9XMarkets, said: “We were delighted to see the strong interest from visitors who were eager to learn more about the global financial markets. Many attendees expressed enthusiasm for quality financial education and effective trading solutions, which align perfectly with our mission. Our booth stayed busy throughout the event, and the engaging interactions with participants made it a truly rewarding experience for the entire 9XMarkets team.”
5, Sep 2025
Modern Public School Hosts Green Dialogue with Renowned Environmentalist Peepal Baba
Modern Public School, Shalimar Bagh organized a thought-provoking session with world-renowned environmentalist Swami Prem Parivartan, better known as Peepal Baba, who has devoted his life to spreading awareness and imparting knowledge on climate change and conservation of nature. Having planted more than 20 million trees across 202 districts in 18 Indian states, Peepal Baba imparted his inspiring experience and encouraged students to adopt green practices for a better tomorrow.
The session was graced by Dr. B.C. Sabata, the Senior Scientific Officer, Department of Environment as well as the students and educators from guest schools across Delhi-NCR including Savodhya Vidhyalaya, Mount Abu Public School, and Presidium School. Students of Modern Public School also participated actively and gained valuable insights into the importance of trees, climate awareness and pledged to fulfill the collective responsibility towards the planet. The interaction proved to be highly enlightening and will contribute significantly to the holistic growth and social consciousness of the young learners.
5, Sep 2025
Prime PR wins Quality Mark Awards 2025
Indore, 5th September 2025: Prime PR, the youngest and fastest growing public relations firm, was presented with the 14th Quality Mark Awards 2025 in the category of PR & Communications, by Hon’ble Cabinet Minister Shri Kunvarji Bavaliya as Chief Guest, Shri Dilip Sanghani, Chairman – IFFCO as Guest of Honour, renowned Bollywood actor Sharman Joshi. The awards ceremony was organized by Quality Mark Trust at Narayani Heights, Ahmedabad on 26th August, 2025, under the concept of ‘Make in India’.
Prime PR, established in 2020, is well-connected with over 60 cities across India, with its team that works 365 days a year, which includes PR professionals and publicists, strategists and influencers, and linguists and media managers. Prime PR also works with flourishing start-ups, as well as the MSME and Make in India projects.
On the occasion, Mr. Phool Hasan, Founder and Managing Director of Prime PR said that “Prime PR is a strong supporter of on-going learning and development for public relations professionals. We have resilient networks in tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3 cities. Our network-wide team has been distinguished for its media relations skills through delivering high-quality projects and developing long-term partnerships with our clients. The recognition we got at Quality Mark Awards 2025 will boost our morale to work with more creative and strategic acumen. ”
Prime PR provides a vast range of services to its clients, which includes Public Relations, Brand Management, Conducting Press Conferences, Release Dissemination, PR Analysis, Planning & Strategy as well as Digital Marketing, Influencers Management, Image Building, Crisis Management, Investor Relations. Prime PR deals with the public relations for Government and Public Affairs also. Prime PR has extensive experience in planning and implementing high-impact initiatives that boost brand exposure and revenue.
Mr. Phool Hasan said, “We understand the difficulties generally faced by our clients, be it corporates, or individuals like doctors, bankers or other social opinion makers who are very keen to express their views on various burning topics in the society, but have no approach to the right platform, so through our service namely, article placement, we felicitate them with proper platform to voice their concerns in time. Digitally sound, and strategically efficient, Prime PR adopts the conceptualised method to do Public relations and communications through a sustainable process, and achieve the objectives set by our clients, as the actual satisfaction of our client is our motto. ”
Mr. Phool Hasan, a senior PR & Communication strategist since last 18 years, has been the key person to several of Corporate India’s significant events. He specialises in brand activation, media relations, public relations, and press conferences. Mr. Phool Hasan has been recognised for his contributions to many major project successes with Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., ICICI, Pepsico, IIFA Awards, Amazon India, Axis Mutual Fund, ICICI Prudential, HDFC Life, PGI, ORRA, TAFE, METRO Cash & Carry India, Asus India, Mankind Pharma, Glenmark Pharma, Khelo India Youth Games, Marico, CII, and many others.
5, Sep 2025
Kamal Chhabra Receives Doctorate in Global Finance Education
US CPA & CA Kamal Chhabra Honoured with Doctorate in Global Finance Education by Cedarbrook University, USA
New Delhi, 5th September: US CPA & CA Mr. Kamal Chhabra, Founder & CEO of KC GlobEd has been conferred with Honorary Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Global Finance Education by the Cedarbrook University, USA, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the field of global finance education.
At a convocation ceremony organized in New Delhi, the honorary doctorate was formally given to Mr. Chhabra, who was honored for his unwavering efforts to influence financial education globally.
Through his organization KC GlobEd, Mr. Chhabra, a well-known finance expert and academic mentor, has played a significant role in linking professional education with global financial practices. Under his direction, KC GlobEd has established itself as a reputable brand for advising those aspiring to careers in finance, providing state-of-the-art learning resources, and giving students the chance to meet global professional standards.
Speaking on this recognition, Mr. Chhabra expressed his gratitude to Cedarbrook University, stating: “This recognition reaffirms my lifelong commitment to redefining finance education at a global scale. As a leader, I see it as both an honour and a responsibility to continue inspiring future generations of professionals to think beyond boundaries.”
With more than 20 years of experience in India, the US, the Middle East, and Africa, Mr. Chhabra has mentored thousands of students globally and provided financial, tax, and auditing advice to major organizations. Under his direction, KC GlobEd has influenced more than 15,000 students in 122 nations, established more than 80 franchise partners across India, collaborated with academic institutions and government organizations. Recognized as a leading voice in bridging Indian talent with global standards, he is regarded as a visionary in edutech-driven finance education.
The acknowledgement from Cedarbrook University demonstrates Mr. Chhabra’s noteworthy contribution to the field of global financial education and enhances his standing as a mentor and thought leader.
